A group of Autoimmune diseases called Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) cause chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Specifically, Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are the two main diseases identified in this group. Over time, the symptoms of chronic inflammation damage the GI tract. Consequently, this can lead to discomfort and painful symptoms for those affected.
Physicians must diagnose these two diseases, which share many similarities. Firstly, Crohn’s disease can occur anywhere along the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. However, it most commonly affects the small intestine. The affected areas appear as patches of irritation next to healthy tissue, and the inflammation may extend through multiple wall layers within the intestine.
In contrast, Ulcerative Colitis is localized to the colon and rectum. Unlike the patchy areas seen in Crohn’s, the damaged areas in Colitis follow a continuous pattern, typically moving upward from the rectum to the colon. Additionally, Colitis only affects the innermost wall of the colon, as opposed to affecting multiple layers.
Like most autoimmune diseases, it’s challenging to pinpoint the exact causes of IBD. Nevertheless, research points to environmental and genetic factors as the likely source. As a result, when triggered by environmental factors, the immune system attacks the cells in the GI tract. Both Crohn’s and Colitis share similar symptoms and can be easily misdiagnosed.
Symptoms Include:
- Persistent diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Rectal bleeding/bloody stools
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
It’s important to note that IBD differs from IBS and Celiac disease. Therefore, obtaining the correct diagnosis is crucial for the best treatment. Unfortunately, because the symptoms are so similar, misdiagnosis is common. For this reason, it’s vital to consult a physician or IBD specialist.
Moreover, IBD can affect oral health in several ways:
– Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): The salivary glands don’t produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist and the pH of the oral cavity balanced. Consequently, this can result in rampant decay.
– Aphthous Ulcers: Also known as canker sores. Individuals with IBD may develop frequent or multiple ulcers. As a result, these lesions can make oral care more uncomfortable.
– Mucosal Tags: Similar to skin tags, these can appear as a result of Crohn’s Disease. They may form on the inner cheek, and your dentist or hygienist can visualize them.
– Gingivitis: This reversible form of periodontal disease can be treated with good home care and professional hygiene visits.
If you’re experiencing any of these oral symptoms, we can help! Our doctor and hygienist will create a tailored treatment plan that best suits your needs. For instance, if you’re experiencing frequent aphthous ulcers, we may prescribe a steroid cream to decrease their length and frequency.
Alternatively, if you suffer from xerostomia, we’ll discuss options to balance pH and reduce your risk of decay. Furthermore, maintaining good home care and regular hygiene visits will help minimize any oral symptoms caused by the immune response. Finally, if you’d like to discuss the impact your IBD may be having on your oral health, please feel free to mention it at your next visit!
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